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ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 1 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product green mode pwm controller description the AP3125A/v/l/r is a current mode pwm controller which is optimized for high performance, low standby power and cost effective offline fl yback converters . the pwm switching frequency at normal operation is internally fixed (about 65khz ) . in middle load, the ic will enter green mode to improve system efficiency with the help of frequency foldback . a minimum switching frequency (about 20khz ) is set to avoid the audible noise. in no load or light load, the ic will enter the burst mode to minimize standby power . furthermore, the f requency dithering function is built - in to reduce emi emission. i nternal slope compensation allows more stable peak - c u rrent mode control over wide range of input voltage and load conditions. internal line compensation ensures constant output power limit over entire universal line voltage range. c omprehensive protection f eatures are included , such as cycle - by - cycle current limit (ocp), vcc over voltage protection (vovp), internal otp , o ver l oad p rotection (olp) and pins fault protection. the versatile latch function s can be implemented using a minimal number of external components. features ? very low start - up current ? current mode control ? non - audible - noise green - mode control ? internal slope compensation ? soft start during startup process ? frequency fold back for high average efficiency ? secondary winding short protection with focp ? soft switching for r educing emi ? vcc maintain mode ? useful pin fault protection: sense pin floating ctrl pin short to ground fb/opto - coupler open/short ? comprehensive system protection feature: vcc over voltage protection (vovp) over load protection (olp) ? op tional latch mode for v ovp , olp and ctrl pin protection ? mini size package of sot26 ? pin to pin compatible with ap3105n a/ n v/ n l/ n r ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (note s 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3) pin assignments ( top view) sot26 applications ? switching ac - dc adapter/charger ? atx/btx auxiliary power ? set - top box (stb) power supply ? open frame switching power supply note s: 1 . no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (rohs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of hal ogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - f ree . 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds . 1 2 3 4 5 pin 1 mark 6 gnd fb ctrl gate vcc sense
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 2 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product typical applications circuit pin description s pin number p in name function 1 gnd signal ground. current return for driver and control circuits 2 fb feedback. directly connected to the opto - coupler 3 ctrl latch trigger if this pin voltage drops below a threshold or over another threshold, leave ctrl pin open if this function is not needed. connecting a ntc thermistor to gnd can achieve otp protection 4 sense current sense 5 vcc supply voltage of driver and control circuits 6 gate gate driver output ~ ~ + - v c c g n d g a t e f b s e n s e c t r l ~ a z 4 3 1 a p 3 1 2 5 a / v / l / r l 2 t 1 r 1 3 c 7 c 6 c 8 r 1 4 r 1 5 r 1 6 r 1 7 r 1 8 c 9 c 1 0 r 1 2 r 1 1 r 1 0 r 9 c 5 r 6 r 1 9 c 4 r 5 r 4 c 2 c 1 v r 1 u 1 n t c r 2 r 3 f 1 r 7 c 3 c 1 1 n t c r 8
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 3 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product functional block diagram g n d g a t e 2 5 0 n s l e b d r i v e r 1 3 v o s c w i t h f r e q u e n c y j i t t e r 0 . 9 5 v v c c _ o v p o l p v c c 3 2 v 2 8 v v c c _ o v p c t r l u v l o 1 6 v 7 . 6 v 1 v a u t o r e c o v e r y p r o t e c t i o n a p 3 1 2 5 a / v / l / r 1 0 0 m a f b r 2 r p w m 0 . 3 v 1 . 3 v l a t c h - o f f p r o t e c t i o n 7 0 m s d e b o u n c e o l p f o c p 3 v 4 . 5 v 0 . 6 v 1 0 k c t r l _ h c t r l _ l o c p s s s s v d d l i n e c o m p e n s a t i o n s o f t s t a r t 1 . 8 0 v f o c p q d c l k r b d f f o t p v c c v d d o t p c t r l _ h c t r l _ l v d d i n t e r n a l b i a s 1 5 0 c o / 1 2 5 o c s e n s e 1 2 5 4 3 6
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 4 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product absolute maximum ratings ( note 4 ) symbol parameter rating unit v cc power supply voltage 30 v i o gate output current 350 ma v fb , v sense , v ctrl input voltage to fb, sense, ctrl - 0.3 to 7 v ja thermal resistance (junction to ambient) 250 c /w p d power dissipation at t a < + 25 c 500 mw t j operating junction temperature - 40 to + 150 c t stg storage temperature range + 150 c C esd ( human body model) 3 000 v C esd ( machine model) 300 v note 4 : stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stres s ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. recommended operating conditions symbol parameter min max unit v cc supply voltage 10 2 5 v
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 5 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product electrical characteristics (@ t a = + 25c, v cc = 16v, unless otherwise specified .) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit supply voltage (vcc pin) i startup startup current C C 1 10 a i cc operating supply current v fb =0v, c l =1nf 0.5 0.7 1 ma v fb =3v, c l =0nf 0.6 1.2 2.0 C u vlo (on) C 14.5 15.8 16.5 v C v cc maintain C 8.6 9.1 9.6 v C u vlo (off) C 7.1 7.6 8.1 v C v cc ovp C 27 28.5 30 v C v cc clamp i cc =5ma 31 34 C v pwm section/oscillator section C maximum duty cycle C 70 75 80 % C oscillation frequency C 60 65 70 khz C green mode frequency C 20 C 30 khz ? C frequency temperature stability - 2 0 c to 125 c (note 5 ) C C 5 % ? C frequency voltage stability v cc =12v to 30v C C 3 % ? C frequency dithering C 4 6 8 % ? current sense section (sense pin) v c s maximum sense voltage v fb = 4.5 v 0.9 0.95 1 v C focp voltage C 1.5 1.7 1.9 v C leb time of sense C 150 250 350 ns C delay to output (note 5 ) C C 100 C ns C soft - start time C 3 5 8 ms feedback input section (fb pin) C the ratio of input voltage to current sense voltage C 2.5 3 3.5 v /v C input impedance C 12 1 5 1 8 k C source current v fb =0v - 0.2 - 0.27 - 0.34 ma C green mode threshold C C 2.1 C v C input voltage for zero duty C 1.3 1.55 1.8 v output section (gate pin) C output low level i o =20ma, v cc =12v C C 1 v C output high level i o =20ma, v cc =12v 8 C C v C output clamping voltage C 11 13 15 v C rising time (note 5 ) c l = 1nf, v cc =13v C 150 250 ns C falling time (note 5 ) c l =1nf, v cc =13v C 50 100 ns
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 6 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product electrical characteristics (cont.) (@ t a = + 25c, v cc = 16v, unless otherwise specified .) protection section (ctrl pin) C source current C 90 100 110 a C internal reference voltage C C 1.9 C v C low threshold trigger for latch C 0.94 1 1.06 v C high threshold trigger for latch C 2.85 3 3.15 v C pull - up current (note 6 ) C C C 2 ma delay time section C delay of short circuit protection C C 70 C ms C delay of hiccup protection vcc ovp C 5 C c ycles i nternal otp section C otp enter C C 150 C c C otp exit C C 125 C c note 5 : guaranteed by design. note 6 : the sourcing current of ctr l pin must be limited below 5ma . otherwise it may cause permanent damage to the device.
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 7 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product performance characteristics start up voltage v s. ambient temperature shutdown voltage vs. ambient temperature start up current v s. ambient temperature operating current v s . ambient temperature ctrl utilization for latch ovp and otp ovp ot p c t r l v c c n t c v c c c t r l n t c -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 13 14 15 16 17 18 startup voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 v fb =3v, c l =0 operating current (ma) ambient tempture ( o c) c t r l v c c n t c -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 shutdown voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 startup current ( m a) ambient temperature ( o c)
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 8 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product operation description the ap 3125a/v/l/ r is specifically designed for off - line ac - dc power supply used in lcd monitor, notebook adapter and battery charger applications. it offers a cost effective solution with a versatile protection function. start - up current and uvlo the start - up current of ap 3125a/v/l/ r is optimized to realize ultra low current ( 1 m a typical) so that vcc capacitor can be charged more quickly. the direct benefit of low start - up current is the availability of using large start - up resistor, which minimizes the resistor power loss for high voltage ac input. an uvlo comparator is included in ap 3125 a/ v/l/ r to detect the voltage on vcc pin. it ensures that ap 3125 a/ v/l/ r can draw adequate energy from hold - up capacitor during power - on. the turn - on threshold is 1 6 v and the turn - off threshold is 7 .6v. current sense comparator and pwm latch the AP3125A/v/l/r operate s as a current mode controller, the output switch conduction is initiated by every oscillator cycle and is terminated when the peak inductor current reaches the threshold level established by the fb pin. the inductor current signal is converted to a voltage signal by inserting a reference sense resistor r s . the inductor current under normal operating conditions is controlled by the voltage at fb pin. the relation between peak inductor current (i pk ) and v fb is: moreover, focp with 1.8v t hreshold is only about 100 n s delay, which can avoid some catastrophic damages such as secondary rectifier short test. few drive cycles can alleviate the destruction range and get better protection. leading - edge blanking a narrow spike on the leading edge of the current waveform can usually be observed when the power mosfet is turned on. a 250ns leading - edge blank is built - in to prevent the false - triggering caused by the turn - on spike. during this period, the current limit comparator is disabled and the gate driver can not be switched off. at the time of turning off the mosfet, a negative undershoot (maybe larger than - 0.3v) can occur on the sense pin. so it is strongly recommended to add a small rc filter or at least con nect a resistor r on this pin to protect the ic (shown as figure 1 ). figure 1 built - in slope compensation it is well known that a continuous current mode smps may become unstable when the duty cycle exceeds 50%. the built - in slope compensation can improve the stability, so there is no need for design engineer to spend much time on that. fb pin and short circuit protection this pin is normally connected to the opto - coupler and always pa ralleled w ith a capacitor for loop compen sation. when the voltage at this pin is greater than 4. 5 v and lasts for about 70 ms, the ic will enter the protection mode. for AP3125A/v/ l/ r, the system will enter hiccup mode to wait the v cc decreasing to low uvlo level, then the ic will try to restart until the failure removed. and when this voltage is less than 1.55v, the ic will stop the drive pulse immediately. therefore, this feature can be used for short circuit protection, which makes the system immune from damage. normally, output short makes the v fb value to the maximum because the opto - coupler is cut off. v cc maintain mode during light load or step load, v fb will drop and be lower than 1.55v, thus the pwm drive signal will be stopped, and there is no more new energy transfer r ed due to no switching. therefore, the ic supply voltage may reduce to the shutdown threshold voltage and system may enter the unexpected restart mode. to avoid this, the AP3125A/v/l/r hold a so - called v cc maintain mode which can supply energy to vcc. when v cc decreases to a setting threshold, the v cc maintain comparator will output some drive signal to make the system switch and provide a proper energy to vcc pin. the v c c maintain function will cooperate with the pwm and burst mode loop which can make the output voltage vari ation be within the regulation. this mode is very useful for reducing startup resistor loss and achie v ing a better standby performance with a low value vcc capacitor. th e v cc is not easy to touch the shutdown threshold during the startup process and step load. this will also si mplify the system design. the minimum vcc voltage is suggested to be designed a l ittle higher than v cc maintain threshold thus can achieve the best balance between the standby and step load performance system protection and pin fault protection the AP3125A/v/l/r provides versatile system and pin fault protections. the ocp comparator realizes the cycle - by - cycle current limiting (ocp). in universal input line voltage, the ic realizes the constant over load protection (olp). vcc over voltage protection can be applied as the primary ovp or opt o - coupler broken protection. the AP3125A/v/l/r also has pin fault connection protection including floating and short connection. the floating pin protection includ e s the sense, fb, etc. the short pin protection includes the ctrl pin short protection. when these pins are floated or ctrl pin is shorted to ground, pwm switching will be disabled, thus protecting the power system. latch protection function for some applications, the system requires the latch protection function. the ctrl pin has two kinds of modes to trigger the latch protection: high level trigger and low level trigger. the low threshold is 1 v and high threshold voltage is 3 v. some version will have only one mode. once the latch protection is tri ggered, the ic will disable the output signal, and the bulk capacitor provides the energy to ic through the startup resistor to ensure the ic disable the output (latch mode). this mode will be not re leased until the ac input is shut off. so, the de - latch time is mainly depending on the hv startup bulk capacitor value. therefore, if the system want s a short de - latch time, it is better for the startup resistor take power from the point before the rectif ier bridge as illustrated in f igure 2 . s fb pk r v i 3 / ) 8 . 0 ( ? ? f b s e n s e g a t e g n d c t r l 6 1 3 4 a p 3 1 2 5 a / v / l / r v c c 5 2 l a r g e u n d e r s h o o t ( m o r e t h a n - 0 . 3 v ) m a y d a m a g e t h e s e n s e p i n r c n e c e s s a r y
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 9 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product operation description (cont.) i nternal otp protection function t he AP3125A/v/l/r integrates an internal temperature sensor. i t has a trigger window of + 15 0 c enter and + 125c exit. the internal otp protection mode is auto - recovery mode. figure 2 v c c g n d f b c t r l a p 3 1 2 5 a / v / l / r s e n s e a c m a i n s ( 9 0 v t o 2 6 5 v ) c b u s g a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 10 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product ordering information diodes ics pb - free products with "g1" suffix in the part number, are rohs compliant and green . package part number marking id packing sot26 ap 3125 aktr - g1 g ls 3 000/ tape & reel ap 3125 vktr - g1 g lu 3 000 / tape & reel ap 3125 lktr - g1 g nb 3 000 / tape & reel ap 3125 rktr - g1 g nc 3 000 / tape & reel *product version classification ( with different protection functions ) product version frequency vovp olp & socp ctrl (low) ctrl (high) ap 3125 a 65khz auto - recoverable auto - recoverable latch auto - recoverable ap 3125 v 65khz latch auto - recoverable latch latch ap 3125 l 65khz latch latch latch latch ap 3125 r 65khz auto - recoverable auto - recoverable auto - recoverable latch mark ing information ( top view) : logo xxx: marking id ( see o rdering i nformation ) a p 3 1 2 5 x x x x x x - g 1 p a c k i n g p a c k a g e t r : t a p e & r e e l k : s o t 2 6 g 1 : g r e e n p r o d u c t n a m e r o h s / g r e e n p r o d u c t v e r s i o n * a : a p 3 1 2 5 a v : a p 3 1 2 5 v l : a p 3 1 2 5 l r : a p 3 1 2 5 r
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 11 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product package outline dimensions (all d imensions in mm ( inch ) . ) (1) package t ype: sot26 2 . 8 2 0 ( 0 . 1 1 1 ) 3 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 1 2 2 ) 2 . 6 5 0 ( 0 . 1 0 4 ) 3 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 1 1 8 ) 1 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 9 ) 1 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 0 6 7 ) 0 . 9 5 0 ( 0 . 0 3 7 ) t y p 1 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 1 ) 2 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 9 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 0 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 0 ) 0 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 8 ) r e f 0 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 4 ) 0 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 8 ) 0 8 0 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 8 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 0 . 6 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 4 ) 0 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 0 ) 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) 0 . 9 0 0 ( 0 . 0 3 5 ) 1 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 1 ) 1 . 4 5 0 ( 0 . 0 5 7 ) m a x 1 2 3 4 5 6 p i n 1 m a r k
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 12 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product suggested pad layout (1) package t ype: sot26 dimensions z (mm)/(inch) g (mm)/(inch) x (mm)/(inch) y (mm)/(inch) e (mm)/(inch) value 3.600/0.142 1.600/0.063 0.700/0.028 1.000/0.039 0.950/0.037 e e g z y x
ap31 25 a/v/l/ r document number: ds 36660 rev . 2 - 2 13 of 13 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25a/v/l/r a product line of diodes incorporated new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of t his document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthor ized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application , customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising ou t of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes in corporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect it s safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related requirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 4 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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